Structural Polymorphisms of Chromosome 3Am Containing Lr63 Leaf Rust Resistance Loci Reflect the Geographical Distribution of Triticum monococcum L. and Related Diploid Wheats

Wheat is one of the world’s crucial staple food crops. In turn, einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) considered a wild relative aestivum and can be used as source agronomically important genes for breeding purposes. Cultivated T. subsp. originated from aegilopoides (syn. boeticum). For better utilization valuable these species, it to discern genetic diversity at their cytological molecular levels. Here, we fluorescence in situ hybridization toolbox markers linked leaf rust resistance gene Lr63 (located on short arm 3Am chromosome—3AmS) track polymorphisms between monococcum, boeticum urartu (A-genome donor hexaploid wheat) accessions, which were collected different regions Europe, Asia, Africa. We distinguished three groups accessions based cytomolecular markers. observed that cultivated forms revealed additional marker signals, are characteristic genomic alternations induced by domestication process. Based structural analysis 3AmS chromosome arm, concluded geographical dispersion could related adaptation local environmental conditions.